Demonstration showing the unfolding of green
fluorescent protein (GFP), resulting in an
instantaneous disappearance of the green color. GFP was
denatured by addition of HCl.
Refolding of acid-denatured GFP by neutralizing the pH.
On and Off of fluorescence-labeled GroES on the
surface-immobilized GroEL (see Taguchi et al. Nat.
Biotechnol. 2001 for details)
single-molecules of GFP are folded inside the GroEL/ES
cavity. (see Ueno et al. Mol. Cell 2004 for details)